“Hidden” Momentum in a Sound Wave
نویسندگان
چکیده
The gas molecules appear to have zero average velocity in the rest frame of the pressure vessel, so it appears that they have zero average momentum in this frame. Of course, the gas molecules exert a force F = AP on a portion of area A of the wall of the pressure vessel, and since force equals the time rate of change of momentum, we can say that the gas can transmit momentum without possessing it [3]. When a sound wave is present, energy is transferred even when there is no net transfer of particles, as in the rest frame of the pressure vessel in the present example. If the rate of energy flow is dE/dt, then the (vector) energy flux is
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